
Reusable Boosters and the NGLV Race For decades, India’s space story was built around one remarkably simple principle: build a reliable rocket, launch the satellite, and move on to the next mission. That formula worked. But the economics of space are changing. Today, the world’s leading space programmes are increasingly interested in three things: more payload, lower launch costs and greater reusability. India is now pushing into all three. The Indian Space Research Organisation is developing a 200-tonne-thrust semi-cryogenic engine, testing technologies for recovering rocket boosters through Vertical Take-off and Vertical Landing (VTVL), and working on a partially reusable Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) powered by liquid oxygen and methane. And in September 2026, one of those programmes crossed an important testing milestone. ISRO successfully conducted a hot test of its semi-cryogenic engine power-head test article at the full 200-tonne thrust level at the ISRO Propulsion Research Complex in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu. This is not yet a reusable rocket. It is something more fundamental: the machinery needed to build India’s next generation of rockets. The 200-tonne engine: the heavy lifter’s new heart The semi-cryogenic programme is centred on the SE2000, a 2,000-kilonewton-class engine. ISRO is developing a semi-cryogenic propulsion stage
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